Search results
Found 7954 matches for
Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation.
Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectio…
Creating different global health futures: mapping the health research ecosystem and taking decolonial action.
This paper promotes reflexive consideration of health research practices using a decolonisation lens. We propose both incremental and more radical action in five domains: knowledge production, funding and programmes, dissemination, uptake, and education and training. We suggest four steps towards transfor…
Consultation report - considerations for a regulatory pathway for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccines for use in endemic countries.
Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A and, to a lesser extent, S. Paratyphi B and C, remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in resource-constrained settings. Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) protect against S. Typhi but no vaccine to date protects against…
A phase 1/2a clinical trial to assess safety and immunogenicity of an adenoviral-vectored capsular group B meningococcal vaccine
Capsular group B meningococcus (MenB) remains an important cause of disease globally, and additional vaccines against MenB would aid in reducing the incidence of infection. Previous work has demonstrated that a MenB adenoviral-vectored vaccine, ChAdOx1 MenB.1, elicited high serum bactericidal respon…
Microtitre Plate Image Augmentation with Generative Adversarial Networks
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) based on microorganism culturing is the gold-standard technique to determine whether a pathogen is susceptible or resistant to available antibiotics. While broth microdilution offers a potential high-throughput method for AST, reading and interpreting microtitre plates can…
International collaboration to advance research preparedness and response
Pandemic preparedness and research response bring together multiple disciplines and organizations to coordinate action across geographical and specialty boundaries. At their best, these international collaborations provide rapid, robust answers to key scientific questions. But several recent pandemics, notably…
Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument is a Useful Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Physical Function in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
PurposePatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly recognized as valuable endpoints in clinical trials. The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) is a PROM utilized in children with musculoskeletal disorders. We evaluated the validity and reliability of PODCI in children with…
Quantifying prevalence and risk factors of HIV multiple infection in Uganda from population-based deep-sequence data.
People living with HIV can acquire secondary infections through a process called superinfection, giving rise to simultaneous infection with genetically distinct variants (multiple infection). Multiple infection provides the necessary conditions for the generation of novel recombinant forms of HIV and may worsen clini…
A scoping review of large language models for generative tasks in mental health care.
Large language models (LLMs) show promise in mental health care for handling human-like conversations, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. This scoping review synthesizes existing research on LLM applications in mental health care, reviews model performance and clinical effectiveness, identifies ga…
Awake Prone Positioning in Adults With COVID-19: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.
ImportanceThe impact of awake prone positioning (APP) on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the association of APP with improved clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19 and AHRF, and to identify pote…
Risk analysis for outpatient experimental infection as a pathway for affordable RSV vaccine development.
Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an important tool for accelerating clinical development of vaccines. CHIM costs are driven by quarantine facilities but may be reduced by performing CHIM in the outpatient setting. Furthermore, outpatient CHIMs offer benefits beyond costs, such as a participan…
Transformers and large language models are efficient feature extractors for electronic health record studies
Abstract Background Free-text data is abundant in electronic health records, but challenges in accurate and scalable information extraction mean less specific clinical codes are often used instead. Methods We evaluated the efficacy of feature extraction using modern natural language processing methods…
The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever remains a substantial public health challenge in low-income and middle-income countries. By 2023, typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) had been introduced in six countries globally, with more than 50 million doses distributed. Now that TCVs are being deployed, there is a need for obs…