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Lessons drawn from successes and failures with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) should help shaping a robust health innovation system for infectious disease epidemics. Epidemic response research and development (R&D) can be mobilized quickly for public health priorities and yield medicinal products within months. However, to resolve epidemics, technological advances must be equitably accessible and deployed, and these examples expose the limitations of a supply-driven, fragmented R&D ecosystem relying primarily on the private sector to deliver health products. Efficient epidemic response requires a coordinated public health-focused, end-to-end R&D ecosystem for the development, registration, availability, and use of pharmaceutical products. Because pivotal clinical trials can only be conducted during outbreaks, significant preparation must be done beforehand: strengthening clinical research capacity and developing pre-positioned trial protocols and clinical characterization protocols, as well as conducting discovery and pre-clinical research, manufacturing, and early clinical testing of candidate products. This will allow for speedy execution of clinical research early into an outbreak and delivering products within a short time. Effective interventions should be adopted and deployed ensuring equitable access during the ongoing outbreak. Measures to make products available where and when needed must be integrated throughout the R&D value chain.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.022

Type

Journal article

Journal

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

Publication Date

05/2022

Volume

30

Pages

1801 - 1809

Addresses

ISARIC Global Support Centre, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK. Electronic address: piero.olliaro@ndm.ox.ac.uk.

Keywords

Humans, Communicable Diseases, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Ecosystem, Epidemics, COVID-19